A merchant ship is a small floating company. Everyone's place and responsibility must be clear, because safety depends on a clear chain of command.
At the top: the Master
The person ultimately responsible for the ship, the people on board and the cargo is the Master. All other crew report to the Master, directly or indirectly.
Three main departments
- Deck department: Navigation, cargo operations, mooring and anchoring, deck maintenance. Headed by the Chief Officer.
- Engine department: The main engine, generators and all auxiliary systems. Headed by the Chief Engineer.
- Catering / hotel department: Food and accommodation services. Its size depends on the ship type (very large on passenger ships).
Officers and ratings
- Officers: Certificated personnel who keep watches and have management responsibilities.
- Ratings: Certificated or trained seafarers who work under the direction of the officers.
The chain of command in short
Master -> Chief Officer and Chief Engineer -> Other officers -> Ratings
Why does it matter?
- Safety: In an emergency, everyone knows what to do.
- Communication: Who receives a report? Who takes the decision?
- Career: You move up step by step through rank, certificates and sea service.
The next parts describe each role. Duties vary by ship type, flag and company.